Preface

Thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in orchestrating a myriad of biological and physiological functions. These encompass the regulation of vertebrate growth and development, amphibian metamorphosis, circadian rhythms, photoperiod, metabolism, body temperature, heart rate, and crucially, brain development and function. The mechanism through which these effects are predominantly mediated involves T3 binding to nuclear receptors, serving as ligand-regulated transcription factors.

Among the myriad actions of thyroid hormones, one of paramount importance is their profound influence on brain development and function. Thyroid hormones intricately regulate processes such as neurogenesis and gliogenesis and the migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis of neuronal and glial cells. Notably, a deficiency in thyroid hormones during development, or disruption of the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action, results in severe neurological impairment and intellectual retardation. In the adult human brain, thyroid disorders may manifest as psychiatric disturbances. The intricate interplay of thyroid hormones in these processes underscores their indispensable role in maintaining optimal neurological function throughout the lifespan.

This book represents a comprehensive endeavor to distill the wealth of information accumulated over the past five decades into a single volume. The field has witnessed a remarkable acceleration, propelled by groundbreaking advances in cellular and molecular neurobiology, facilitated by breakthroughs in molecular genetics and transcriptomics methodologies. Though many questions remain unanswered, the convergence of these advancements has ushered in a new era of understanding, providing a solid foundation for the exploration and elucidation of intricate neurological processes and, in particular, the action of thyroid hormones in the brain.