Preface

Currently, there are urgent worldwide demands for biosensor development for human health. The development of biosensors by researchers is enhancing day by day by increasing their sensitivity and affinity towards the biomarkers. The role of nanotechnology is economical, reliable and a novel approach to diagnosis and therapeutics. Nanotechnology-based sensors are used for fast, ultra-sensitive and economical diagnostics. Nowadays, the coating of carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene, nanoparticle or quantum dot is being used on the electrode surface to increase the signal amplification of biomarker load. Organic coating of Quantum dots changes nanoparticles into the hydrophilic compound to connect DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides and other molecules. In carbon-based nanostructures, graphene oxide is biocompatible and has the ability for immobilization of nanoparticles and single-strand DNA. CNTs play a key role in biosensors preparation that can detect target molecules in very little amounts. Silica-based electrochemical biosensors have a wide surface area, stability in critical thermal and chemical conditions and good compatibility with proteins. Nowadays, silver, gold and metallic nanoparticles have been extensively used in the field of virus detection owing to their unique optical, electrical properties, catalysis activity, and magnetic resonance imaging.

In this book, we covered several chapters regarding biosensors in the identification and characterization of natural bioactive compounds present in the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, and industrial sectors. This book also demonstrates the types of biosensors (enzymatic, wearable and paper based) that integrate with the human body in the form of tattoo, gloves, and clothing that help in monitoring human health by calculating their daily routine. It is simple to do painless evaluations of bodily fluids using various biochemical markers such as spit, sweat, skin, and tears. This includes the 3d bioprinting of advanced bioinks for bone tissue regeneration; in addition, microfluidic technology, organ-on-a-chip, and electrospinning technology are used to produce biosensing products for the diagnosis and monitoring of living systems. This book comprises several new efficient biosensors that play a crucial role in the diagnosis revolution in neurodegenerative diseases, covid-19 pandemic, microorganisms, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes management, as well as in agriculture. Thus, this book aims to broaden the readers’ (academicians, students, and researchers) horizons and guide them in tailoring different biosensing techniques for specific diagnostic procedures. This book highlighted the latest development and the significant role of different new biosensors in future technology.