Clinical presentation of pulmonary TB varies according to the age of the patient. Infants frequently will present with reduced playfulness, fever, dry cough, and dyspnea; children usually have dry cough as the only symptom, whereas in adolescents, the clinical manifestations are very similar to those of adults with fever and productive cough.
Lymphadenopathy is the most common type of extrapulmonary TB in children. The most commonly involved sites are the anterior cervical, posterior cervical triangle, submandibular, and supraclavicular lymph nodes.
BCG is the only vaccine available for clinical use in TB worldwide. Its overall efficacy for preventing tuberculosis is around 50% (range 0-80%). It is especially useful in the prevention of severe forms of the disease in children, including disseminated disease and meningeal tuberculosis. It does not prevent pulmonary tuberculosis effectively.
Total Pages: 78-93 (16)
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