• Discuss the epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson disease (PD)
• Describe the clinical features of idiopathic PD and differentiate between cardinal motor features and non-motor symptoms
• Discuss various risk factors and corresponding mechanisms responsible for the development of PD symptoms
• Review biosynthesis of dopamine, its metabolic outcomes, dopaminergic pathways, receptor distribution and corresponding signal transduction mechanisms
• Explain in detail the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the clinical features of idiopathic PD
• Evaluate the clinical role of L-DOPA and discuss its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, motor complications, drug interactions, contraindications and precautions
• For each medication class listed below, discuss their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, motor complications, drug interactions, contraindications and precautions
o Dopamine agonists
▪ ropinirole (Requip®, Requip® XL); pramipexole Mirapex®, Mirapex® ER); rotigotine transdermal patch (Neupro®), and apomorphine (Apokyn®)
o Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors
▪ entacapone (Comtan®) and tolcapone (Tasmar®)
o Selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO- B) inhibitors
▪ selegiline (Eldepryl® and Zelapar® ODT) and rasagiline (Azilect®)
▪ amantadine (Symmetrel®)
o Anticholinergic agents (benztropine (Cogentin®) and trihexyphenidyl)
Total Pages: 321-377 (57)
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