Preface

The evolution of nanotechnology started in the middle of 20^th century. As stated, the ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk titled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term nanotechnology was used”. Nanotechnology appeared in the art of ancient Egyptian. The beautiful pictures of ancient Egyptians have been discovered with fine, gorgeous blue and other colors. It is important to say that there is an art behind the formation of nanomaterials and their applications in nanotechnology revolution. Nanotechnology applications include many aspects, such as materials protection and environmental protection. Nanomaterials are the backbone of nanotechnological applications. Nanomaterials are characterized by their small grain sizes (1-100 nm) and high volume fraction of grain boundaries, which often give rise to unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties compared with those of their cast counterparts. It can be said that corrosion protection relies on the improvement in the properties of the materials due to nanostructure. Nanomaterials are the basis for nanotechnology. The theme of nanotechnology is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. The application of nanotechnology is confirmed in many fields, such as medicine, cosmetics, lubricants, coats, water purification, environmental protection, and corrosion prevention of metals and alloys. The nanostructures enhance selective oxidation, forming a protective oxide scale with superior substrate adhesion. Nanomedicines have been produced for more efficient healing, nanocosmetics have been developed for highly efficient look, nanolubricants have been developed to increase the efficiency of car parts friction, etc. A polymer nanocomposite coating can effectively combine the benefits of organic polymers, such as elasticity and water resistance to that of advanced inorganic materials, such as hardness and permeability. The art of nanomaterials and nanotechnology continues to produce more products for better life, and who knows what will be in the near future. New materials may appear with smaller sizes of atoms than nanosizes such as picomaterials followed by picotechnology. Reaching femto second (10-15 sec) time may support this idea.