(COVID-19): Different Models and Treatment Strategies

In this book volume-2 proposal has been classified into Part IV: Models for SARS-CoV-2 and Part V: Treatment Strategies for SARS-CoV-2. With the emergence of new coronavirus variants, epidemiology, different host tropism permits a thorough analysis of their evolution and acquired adaptability to their host which need different animal models and treatment approaches. No studies are complete without animal models closely related to human physiology to replicate the disease and observe the pathology conditions as in human cases. Such animal models play a vital role in virus pathogenesis and prepare a therapeutic immune response. Here describe bio-engineered transgenic mouse model inserting with specific genes, or CRISPR-Case9 gene-editing tool has been used previously for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The chapter will deal with culture techniques or cell lines for COVID-19—also histopathology of COVID-19, essential proteins that up or down-regulate SARS-CoV-2. The last chapter of this part will describe other diseases having similar signs and symptoms and their differentiation. There is no specific treatment available to date, just symptomatic therapy. However, scientists will elucidate effective antiviral drugs in clinical trials, phytochemicals, photomedicine such as ultraviolet A & B, homemade remedies, blood plasma transfusion, stem cell therapy, and computational approaches in vivo and in vitro trials. This book will appear as a baseline for academicians, scientists, and health professionals as still, research is going to overcome this outbreak of COVID-19, the novelty of best animal models, and find an effective treatment. However, just a single book proposal like this wouldn't have flourished without enthusiasm and determined publishers' and investigators' strength to take time from their busy schedule and subsidize on time. We thank the whole investigators who contributed, directly and indirectly, to bring it to reality.

Editor(s):

Kamal Niaz

Muhammad Farrukh Nisar

Contributor(s):

Abdullah
Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower
KPK
Pakistan

Ahmad Farooq
Department of Biological Sciences
International Islamic University
Islamabad
Pakistan

Aadil Javed
Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University
Bornova
Izmir
Turkey

Abhinav Anand
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
Punjab, PIN- 144 411
India
/
CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT Group of Institutions, Shahpur, Jalandhar
Punjab, PIN- 144 020
India

Amjad Islam Aqib
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Amna Ahmad
Faculty of Veterinary Science
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
Pakistan

Ahmed Abdelmajed Alkhodary
Ministry of Health
Gaza Governorates
Palestine
/
International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine
National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

Afshan Shafi
Department of Food Science and Technology
MNS University of Agriculture
Multan
Pakistan

Ahmad Uddin
Drug Discovery Research Centre
Southwest Medical University
Luzhou
China

Devesh Tewari
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
Punjab, PIN- 144 411
India

Faisal Siddique
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Firasat Hussain
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Fazlullah Khan
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences
Bharakahu
Islamabad
Pakistan

Ihtisham Ulhaq
Department of Biosciences
COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
45550
Pakistan

Iqra Muzammil
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
Pakistan

Ismail Shah
Department of Pharmacy, Garden Campus
Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan
Pakistan

Iyad Ibrahim Shaqura
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran
Iran
/
Ministry of Health
Gaza Governorates
Palestine

Kamal Niaz
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur-63100
Pakistan

Kashif Akram
Department of Food Sciences
Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Kashif Rahim
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Laiba Hassan
Department of Microbiology
The University of Haripur
Haripur
Pakistan

Maqsood ur Rehman
Department of Pharmacy University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower
Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Pakistan

Muhammad Mazhar Munir
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences
Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Muhammad Ibrar
Department of Allied Health Sciences
Iqra University Peshawar
Swat Campus
KPK, Pakistan

Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Bio-Sciences
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Muhammad Yasir Waqas
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Bio-Sciences
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Muhammad Ali Syed
Department of Microbiology
The University of Haripur
Haripur
Pakistan

Mohammad Ejaz
Department of Microbiology
The University of Haripur
Haripur
Pakistan

Muhammad Ali Syed
Department of Microbiology
The University of Haripur
Haripur
Pakistan

Navneet Khurana
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
Punjab, PIN- 144 411
India

Neha Sharma
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
Punjab, PIN- 144 411
India

Ovais Sideeq
School of Medicine
Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
Tehran, Iran

Qaisar Tanveer
Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
Pakistan

Qudratullulah
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Sana Muzammal
Department of Mathematics, National College of Business Administration and Economics
Sub-Campus Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Shaukat Hussain Munawar
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

Sonali Bajaj
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
Punjab, PIN- 144 411
India

Tapan Behl
Chitkara College of Pharmacy
Chitkara University
Punjab, India

Tean Zaheer
Department of Parasitology
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
Pakistan

Zahid Manzoor
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences
Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Bahawalpur
Pakistan

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